Background: High pulse wave velocity (PWV) and a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) are associated with mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recently, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed as a novel index of arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure. Methods: We compared brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), the ABI and the CAVI as predictors of mortality in 194 HD patients (age 64 ± 12 years; time on HD 111 ± 96 months) during a follow-up period of 39 ± 4 months (range 31–46). Results: The ABI was significantly positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively with log-transformed highly sensitive C-reactive protein (p < 0.01), while baPWV and the CAVI were not. Of 194 patients, 39 patients (20.1%) died during the follow-up, 25 (64.1%) of cardiovascular causes. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with an ABI in the lowest tertile (<1.0) had a significantly lower survival rate (p < 0.01). Cox hazards analysis after adjustment for the conventional risk factors revealed that an ABI value in the lowest tertile was a determinant of total mortality when compared with ABI values in the highest tertile [>1.1; hazard ratio 3.50 (95% confidence interval 1.20–10.20); p = 0.02]. In contrast, baPWV and the CAVI were not associated with mortality. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a small reduction in the ABI (<1.0) is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in chronic HD patients.

Keywords:
Ankle-brachial index, Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, Cardio-ankle vascular index, Mortality, Hemodialysis
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2009
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