Neurodegenerative Diseases
Aging
Effects of Aging on Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Properties of Microglia in Neurodegenerative DiseasesSawada M.a · Sawada H.b, c · Nagatsu T.a, caResearch Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, bKobe Tokiwa College, Kobe, and cFujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
Keywords: MicrogliaAgingParkinson’s disease |
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: March 06, 2008
Issue release date: March 2008
Number of Print Pages: 3
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISSN: 1660-2854 (Print)
eISSN: 1660-2862 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NDD
Abstract
The inflammatory process in the brain, which is accompanied by changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, along with the presence of activated microglia, has recently gained much attention in neurodegenerative diseases. Activated microglia produce either neuroprotective or neurotoxic factors. Many reports indicate that activated microglia promote degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). On the other hand, there are several lines of evidence that microglia also have a neuroprotective function. Microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide in the nigrostriatum of neonatal mice protect DA neurons against the PD-producing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), whereas activated microglia in aged mice promote DA cell death by MPTP. These results suggest that the function of activated microglia may change in vivo from neuroprotective to neurotoxic during aging as neurodegeneration progresses in the PD brain.
© 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
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References
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- Imamura K, Hishikawa N, Ono K, Suzuki H, Sawada M, Nagatsu T, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y: Cytokine production of activated microglia and decrease in neurotrophic factors of neurons in the hippocampus of Lewy body disease brains. Acta Neuropathol 2005;109:141–150.
- Sawada H, Hishida R, Hirata Y, Ono K, Suzuki H, Muramatsu S, Nakano I, Nagatsu T, Sawada M: Activated microglia affect the nigro-striatal dopamine neurons differently in neonatal and aged mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. J Neurosci Res 2007;85:1752–1761.
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: March 06, 2008
Issue release date: March 2008
Number of Print Pages: 3
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISSN: 1660-2854 (Print)
eISSN: 1660-2862 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NDD
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