Cardiology
Heart Failure
β-Adrenergic Receptors in Congestive Heart Failure: Present Knowledge and Future DirectionsMaisel A.S. · Michel M.C.Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, Calif., USA
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: November 12, 2008
Issue release date: 1989
Number of Print Pages: 9
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISSN: 0008-6312 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9751 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/CRD
Abstract
In recent years substantial information has become available on the function and regulation of β-adrenergic receptors in experimental model systems and in the human heart. β-Adrenergic receptors mediate the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the heart. They can be altered in various disease states including congestive heart failure. In order to enhance understanding of β-adrenergic receptor regulation in heart failure, we here review the present knowledge and the open question in three areas: (1) the differential role of β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors; (2) regulation of the number of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors by drugs and disease states, and (3) regulation of the responsiveness of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors.
© 1989 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: November 12, 2008
Issue release date: 1989
Number of Print Pages: 9
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISSN: 0008-6312 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9751 (Online)
For additional information: https://www.karger.com/CRD
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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
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