Endocrine Involvement in Developmental Syndromes
Editor(s): Cappa, M. (Rome)Maghnie, M. (Genova)
Loche, S. (Cagliari)
Bottazzo, G.F. (Roma)
Developmental Abnormalities of the Posterior Pituitary Glanddi Iorgi N. · Secco A. · Napoli F. · Calandra E. · Rossi A. · Maghnie M.Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroradiology (A.R.), IRCCS G, Gaslini Institute, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: February 27, 2009
Cover Date: 2009
Number of Print Pages: 12
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9041-9 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-8055-9042-6 (Online)
Abstract
While the molecular mechanisms of anterior pituitary development are now better understood than in the past, both in animals and in humans, little is known about the mechanisms regulating posterior pituitary development. The posterior pituitary gland is formed by the evagination of neural tissue from the floor of the third ventricle. It consists of the distal axons of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurones that shape the neurohypophysis. After its downward migration, it is encapsulated together with the ascending ectodermal cells of Rathke’s pouch which form the anterior pituitary. By the end of the first trimester, this development is completed and vasopressin and oxytocin can be detected in neurohypophyseal tissue. Abnormal posterior pituitary migration such as the ectopic posterior pituitary lobe appearing at the level of median eminence or along the pituitary stalk have been reported in idiopathic GH deficiency or in subjects with HESX1, LHX4 and SOX3 gene mutations. Another intriguing feature of abnormal posterior pituitary development involves genetic forms of posterior pituitary neurodegeneration that have been reported in autosomal-dominant central diabetes insipidus and Wolfram disease. Defining the phenotype of the posterior pituitary gland can have significant clinical implications for management and counseling, as well as providing considerable insight into normal and abnormal mechanisms of posterior pituitary development in humans.
© 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: February 27, 2009
Cover Date: 2009
Number of Print Pages: 12
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9041-9 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-8055-9042-6 (Online)
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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
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