Food Factors for Health Promotion
Editor(s): Yoshikawa, T. (Kyoto)Life-style Related Diseases
Function of Marine CarotenoidsMiyashita K.Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: April 07, 2009
Cover Date: 2009
Number of Print Pages: 11
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9097-6 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-8055-9098-3 (Online)
Abstract
Although an effort is made to review marine carotenoids as important bioactive compounds with reference to their presence, and chemical and biofunctional benefits, there has been a relatively little information on the impact of these carotenoids on human health. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids have been studied particularly in astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as they are major marine carotenoids. Both carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of the carotenoids as dietary anti-oxidants has been suggested to be one of the main mechanisms for their preventive effects against cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, it would be difficult to explain their biological activities only by their antioxidant activity. We have found the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects as specific and novel bio-functions of fucoxanthin. A nutrigenomic study revealed that fucoxanthin induces uncoupling protein 1 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria to lead to oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Fucoxanthin improves insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose level, at least in part, through the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α in WAT of animals. Thus, the specific regulation of fucoxanthin on a particular bio-molecule will be responsible for the characteristic chemical structures which differ depending on the length of the polyene, nature of the end group and various substituents they contain. The key structure of carotenoids for the expression of antiobesity effect was suggested to be carotenoid end of the polyene chromophore containing an allenic bond and two hydroxyl groups.
© 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Article / Publication Details
Published online: April 07, 2009
Cover Date: 2009
Number of Print Pages: 11
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9097-6 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-8055-9098-3 (Online)
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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
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