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Research Article

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Incapacidade Funcional e Ambiente Suburbano: Proposta de Tipologia para uma Relação Difícil

Gonçalves J.M.a · Castilho Gomes M.a · Carvalho L.b · Ezequiel S.a

Author affiliations

aCERIS – Investigação e Inovação em Engenharia Civil para a Sustentabilidade, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
bCIAUD – Centro de Investigação em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Corresponding Author

Jorge Manuel Gonçalves, PhD

CERIS – Investigação e Inovação em Engenharia Civil para a Sustentabilidade

Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa

PT–1049-001 Lisbon (Portugal)

E-Mail jorgemgoncalves@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

Palavras Chave: SubúrbiosIncapacidade funcionalUrbanismoPlaneamento urbano

Related Articles for ""
Port J Public Health 2017;35:84–100
https://doi.org/10.1159/000477651

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Resumo

Introdução: Pretendeu-se conhecer a desigual distribuição dos indivíduos que apresentam incapacidades funcionais ligadas à audição, à visão e ao andar no espaço suburbano de Lisboa. Métodos: A articulação entre variáveis e unidades territoriais resultou numa tipologia que ajuda a diferenciar estes territórios e, finalmente, permitiu a criação de uma cartografia suburbana que relaciona, nas áreas mais problemáticas, episódios de incapacidade funcional e urbanismo. Resultados: Das 40 variáveis recolhidas verificou-se que com apenas oito foi possível descrever a realidade das 26 freguesias que apresentam uma taxa de risco bastante acima da média na concentração de pessoas com dificuldades funcionais. Estas freguesias estão assimetricamente distribuídas: 10 no norte e 16 no sul da Área Metropolitana. A aplicação da análise de clusters permitiu diferenciar estas freguesias em quatro tipos distintos: polarizador e envelhecido; desqualificado e residencial; antigo e rural; pouco acessível e diverso. Conclusão: Considera-se que os resultados obtidos a partir da investigação desenvolvida contribuem para o reforço do conhecimento do efeito acelerador ou inibidor do urbanismo na integração de populações com incapacidades funcionais e para a formulação de políticas urbanas mais adequadas, eficazes mas também diferenciadas, visando a inclusão sociourbana destes indivíduos.

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel on behalf of Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública

Functional Disabilities and Suburban Environment: Proposal of a Typology for a Difficult Relationship

Keywords

Suburbs · Functional disabilities · Urbanism · Urban planning ·

Abstract

Introduction: In this article, the unequal distribution of individuals with functional disabilities linked to hearing, vision, and walking in the suburban area of Lisbon was studied. Methods: The relationship between variables and territorial units resulted in a typology that helps differentiate these territories and, finally, allowed the creation of a map of the suburbs that correlates episodes of functional disability and urbanism in the troubled areas. Results: From the 40 variables collected, only 8 were able to describe the reality of the 26 parishes that present a risk rate well above the average concentration of people with functional difficulties. These parishes are asymmetrically distributed: 10 in the north and 16 in the south of the metropolitan area. The methodology of cluster analysis allowed differentiating these parishes into 4 different types: polarizer and aging; disqualified and residential; old and rural; less accessible and diverse. Conclusion: We consider that the results obtained from the developed research may contribute to further the knowledge of the effects of urbanism as a factor in promoting or inhibiting the integration of people with functional disabilities, and thus in the design of more appropriate, effective but also differentiated urban policies aimed at the social and urban inclusion of these individuals.



Related Articles:

References

  1. Steels SK: Characteristics of age-friendly cities and communities: a review. Cities 2015; 47: 45–52.
    External Resources
  2. United Nations: World Population Ageing. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, 2009.
  3. World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation: Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation. New York, UNICEF/Geneva, WHO, 2008.
  4. Montegomery MR, Ezeh AC: The health of urban population in developing countries: an overview; in Galea S, Vlahov D (eds): Handbook of Urban Health: Populations, Methods and Practice. New York, Springer, 2005.
  5. Beard JR, Petitot C: Ageing and urbanization: can cities be designed to foster active ageing? Public Health Rev 2010; 30: 136–142.
  6. Galea S, Vlahov D: Urban health: evidence, challenges, and directions. Ann Rev Public Health 2005; 26: 341–365.
    External Resources
  7. Galea S, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D: Cities and population health. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 1017–1033.
    External Resources
  8. Fobkter S, Grotz R: Everyday mobility of elderly people in different urban settings: the example of the city of Bonn. Urban Stud 2006; 33: 353–377.
  9. Philips DR, Siu O-L, Yeh AG, Cheng KHC: Ageing and the urban environment; in Andrews GJ, Phillips DR (eds): Ageing and Place. Abingdon, Routledge, 2005, pp 147–164.
  10. Del Duca GF, Silva MC, Hallal PC: Incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária em idosos. Rev Saúde Pública 2009; 43: 796–805.
  11. International Transport Forum: Pedestrian Safety, Urban Space and Health. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2012.
  12. Nogueira H: Pessoas pobres, lugares pobres, saúde pobre. Territórios amplificadores do risco na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Rev Estudos Demográficos 2009; 45: 29–47.
  13. Macintyre S, Macdonald L, Ellaway A: Do poorer people have poorer access to local resources and facilities? The distribution of local resources by area deprivation in Glasgow, Scotland. Soc Sci Med 2008; 67: 900–914.
    External Resources
  14. Ribeiro AI, Pires A, Carvalho MS, Pina MF: Distance to parks and non-residential destinations influences physical activity of older people, but crime doesn’t: a cross-sectional study in a southern European city. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 593.
    External Resources
  15. Ribeiro AI, Mitchell R, Carvalho MS, de Pina MF: Physical activity-friendly neighbourhood among older adults from a medium size urban setting in Southern Europe. Prev Med 2013; 57: 664–670.
    External Resources
  16. Macintyre S, Maciver S, Sooman A: Area, class and health: should we be focusing on places or people? J Soc Policy 1993; 22: 213–234.
    External Resources
  17. Chandola T: Spatial and social determinants of urban health in low, middle and high-income countries. Public Health 2012; 126: 259–261.
    External Resources
  18. Cummins S, Curtis S, Diez-Roux A, Macintyre S: Understanding and representing ‘place’ in health research: a relational approach. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65: 1825–1838.
    External Resources
  19. Gonçalves J, Gomes M, Carvalho L, Ezequiel S: Não ouvir, não ver, não andar: incapacidade funcional e urbanismo nos subúrbios de Lisboa; in Santana P, Nossa P (coord): GeoSaúde2014 – 1º Congresso de Geografia da Saúde dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de Coimbra, 21–24 de Abril de 2014. A Geografia da saúde no cruzamento de saberes. Coimbra, CEGOT, 2014. ISBN: 978–989–98945–0–1: 588–591.
  20. Balsas C: Downtown resilience: a review of recent (re)developments in Tempe, Arizona. Cities 2014; 36: 158–169.
    External Resources
  21. INE/INSRJ: Esperanças de vida sem incapacidade física de longa duração. Caderno Temático nº 10, Instituto Nacional de Estatística/Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 2000.
  22. INE: O envelhecimento em Portugal: situação demográfica e sócio-económica recente das pessoas idosas. Lisboa, INE, 36, 2002.
  23. Eurostat: Healthy life years statistics. Luxembourg, European Union, 2016 (consultado 7 Março 2017). Disponível em: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Healthy_life_years_statistics#Further_Eurostat_information.
  24. Salvati L, Munafo M, Gargiulo Morelli V, Sabbi A: Low-density settlements and land use changes in a Mediterranean urban region. Landsc Urban Plan 2012; 105: 43–52.
    External Resources
  25. Gonçalves J, Gomes MC, Ezequiel S, Moreira F, Ramos IL: Differentiating peri-urban areas: a transdisciplinary approach towards a typology. Land Use Policy 2017; 63: 331–341.
    External Resources
  26. Hair JF, Anderson, RE, Tatham RL, Black WC: Multivariate data analysis. New York: Prentice-Hall International, 2010.
  27. Gonçalves J, Abreu R, Costa A: Starting over: a focused vision in old suburbs of Lisbon. Urban Des Int 2015; 20: 130–143.

Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview
Abstract of Research Article

Received: October 25, 2014
Accepted: April 10, 2017
Published online: October 02, 2017
Issue release date: April 2018

Number of Print Pages: 17
Number of Figures: 4
Number of Tables: 5

ISSN: 2504-3137 (Print)
eISSN: 2504-3145 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/PJP

References

  1. Steels SK: Characteristics of age-friendly cities and communities: a review. Cities 2015; 47: 45–52.
    External Resources
  2. United Nations: World Population Ageing. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, 2009.
  3. World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation: Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: Special Focus on Sanitation. New York, UNICEF/Geneva, WHO, 2008.
  4. Montegomery MR, Ezeh AC: The health of urban population in developing countries: an overview; in Galea S, Vlahov D (eds): Handbook of Urban Health: Populations, Methods and Practice. New York, Springer, 2005.
  5. Beard JR, Petitot C: Ageing and urbanization: can cities be designed to foster active ageing? Public Health Rev 2010; 30: 136–142.
  6. Galea S, Vlahov D: Urban health: evidence, challenges, and directions. Ann Rev Public Health 2005; 26: 341–365.
    External Resources
  7. Galea S, Freudenberg N, Vlahov D: Cities and population health. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 1017–1033.
    External Resources
  8. Fobkter S, Grotz R: Everyday mobility of elderly people in different urban settings: the example of the city of Bonn. Urban Stud 2006; 33: 353–377.
  9. Philips DR, Siu O-L, Yeh AG, Cheng KHC: Ageing and the urban environment; in Andrews GJ, Phillips DR (eds): Ageing and Place. Abingdon, Routledge, 2005, pp 147–164.
  10. Del Duca GF, Silva MC, Hallal PC: Incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária em idosos. Rev Saúde Pública 2009; 43: 796–805.
  11. International Transport Forum: Pedestrian Safety, Urban Space and Health. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2012.
  12. Nogueira H: Pessoas pobres, lugares pobres, saúde pobre. Territórios amplificadores do risco na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Rev Estudos Demográficos 2009; 45: 29–47.
  13. Macintyre S, Macdonald L, Ellaway A: Do poorer people have poorer access to local resources and facilities? The distribution of local resources by area deprivation in Glasgow, Scotland. Soc Sci Med 2008; 67: 900–914.
    External Resources
  14. Ribeiro AI, Pires A, Carvalho MS, Pina MF: Distance to parks and non-residential destinations influences physical activity of older people, but crime doesn’t: a cross-sectional study in a southern European city. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 593.
    External Resources
  15. Ribeiro AI, Mitchell R, Carvalho MS, de Pina MF: Physical activity-friendly neighbourhood among older adults from a medium size urban setting in Southern Europe. Prev Med 2013; 57: 664–670.
    External Resources
  16. Macintyre S, Maciver S, Sooman A: Area, class and health: should we be focusing on places or people? J Soc Policy 1993; 22: 213–234.
    External Resources
  17. Chandola T: Spatial and social determinants of urban health in low, middle and high-income countries. Public Health 2012; 126: 259–261.
    External Resources
  18. Cummins S, Curtis S, Diez-Roux A, Macintyre S: Understanding and representing ‘place’ in health research: a relational approach. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65: 1825–1838.
    External Resources
  19. Gonçalves J, Gomes M, Carvalho L, Ezequiel S: Não ouvir, não ver, não andar: incapacidade funcional e urbanismo nos subúrbios de Lisboa; in Santana P, Nossa P (coord): GeoSaúde2014 – 1º Congresso de Geografia da Saúde dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de Coimbra, 21–24 de Abril de 2014. A Geografia da saúde no cruzamento de saberes. Coimbra, CEGOT, 2014. ISBN: 978–989–98945–0–1: 588–591.
  20. Balsas C: Downtown resilience: a review of recent (re)developments in Tempe, Arizona. Cities 2014; 36: 158–169.
    External Resources
  21. INE/INSRJ: Esperanças de vida sem incapacidade física de longa duração. Caderno Temático nº 10, Instituto Nacional de Estatística/Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 2000.
  22. INE: O envelhecimento em Portugal: situação demográfica e sócio-económica recente das pessoas idosas. Lisboa, INE, 36, 2002.
  23. Eurostat: Healthy life years statistics. Luxembourg, European Union, 2016 (consultado 7 Março 2017). Disponível em: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Healthy_life_years_statistics#Further_Eurostat_information.
  24. Salvati L, Munafo M, Gargiulo Morelli V, Sabbi A: Low-density settlements and land use changes in a Mediterranean urban region. Landsc Urban Plan 2012; 105: 43–52.
    External Resources
  25. Gonçalves J, Gomes MC, Ezequiel S, Moreira F, Ramos IL: Differentiating peri-urban areas: a transdisciplinary approach towards a typology. Land Use Policy 2017; 63: 331–341.
    External Resources
  26. Hair JF, Anderson, RE, Tatham RL, Black WC: Multivariate data analysis. New York: Prentice-Hall International, 2010.
  27. Gonçalves J, Abreu R, Costa A: Starting over: a focused vision in old suburbs of Lisbon. Urban Des Int 2015; 20: 130–143.
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